This guide serves as an update to the 2012 guidance on public debt. The guide consists of two parts introduction to public debt management and Part 2 specific topics and related audit approaches. Other changes include 1. More focus on understanding public debt management 2. The structure has changed planning dealt with in the specific chapter and reporting has been taken out reference made to the ISSAI’s 3. Borrowing activities and borrowing plan chapter now combined due to intertwined nature 4. More guidance added on the definition of public debt 5. We have also included new chapters for which material needed on lending and sustainability.