Italy teetering between recovery and recession. The Research Department of Confindustria (Centro Studi Confindustria - CSC) confirms the stagnation of the Italian economy, as already outlined in the spring forecast (Table A). More than previously, much will depend on economic policy choices, and especially on how the Italian Parliament will manage the safeguard clauses that provides for a €23.1 billion increase in VAT and excise duties from January 1st, 2020.