Global debt across all sectors rose by over $10 trillion in 2019, topping $255 trillion. At over 322% of GDP, global debt is now 40 percentage points ($87 trillion) higher than at the onset of the 2008 financial crisis—a sobering realization as governments worldwide gear up to fight the pandemic. FX debt in EMs now exceeds $5.3 trillion. Excluding China, FX debt makes up 20% of EM debt outside the financial sector. Over $20 trillion of global bonds and loans come due through end-2020; $4.3 trillion of that in EMs. Emerging markets will need to refinance $730 billion in FX debt through end-2020.