As we approach the midpoint of the decade, global debt, elevated inflation, and fluctuating interest rates dominate the economic landscape. The world continues to grapple with the aftermath of pandemic-induced fiscal policies, geopolitical tensions, and structural shifts in global supply chains. Together, these factors present a formidable set of challenges, creating uncertainty for policymakers, investors, and corporations alike. Understanding the dynamics of debt, inflation, and interest rates is essential for navigating this complex environment, particularly for international finance centres (IFCs) and global financial markets. [..]