French national debt has grown steadily over the last 30 years. It is the sum of all public deficits accumulated since the mid-1970s. To compare the amount of national debt to the government’s financing capacity, it is expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) – debt-to-GDP ratio – which indicates how many years of wealth creation (GDP) are needed to repay it. Under Jacques Chirac, the debt rose from €663.5 billion to €1,211.4 billion, or from 55.5% to 64.1% of GDP. Under Nicolas Sarkozy, it reached €1,833.8 billion, or 90.2% of GDP. Under François Hollande, it hit €2,258.7 billion, or 98.4% of GDP. […]