Over the last five decades, African economies have been buffeted by increased volatility in commodity prices, the outbreak of COVID-19, geopolitical tensions, economic frag-mentation, volatility in financial conditions, and rising climate risks, to name but a few. Despite these shocks, African economies have tended to recover more strongly, often beating expectations. Notably, the quick recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the con-tinent’s resilience. But this resilience is under renewed tests, spurred by heightened geopolit-ical tension in the Middle East. These new geopolitical tensions are reinforcing earlier multiple shocks and pockets of regional conflict that continue to shape Africa’s economic outlook. […]