Implementing a debt management strategy requires higher-frequency data and preparation of a clear plan of action through an annual borrowing plan (ABP). The ABP requires detailed information about annual funding requirements and alternative borrowing options. Furthermore, several factors determine the timing and size of borrowing within a given year, including the time profile of the gross financing need (GFN)—reflecting the seasonality of revenues and expenditures, and debt service. An Excel-based ABP links directly with the MTDS AT, allowing for easier data sharing and ensuring data consistency between the two tools. The ABP helps users to organize their domestic debt issuance operations, emphasizing the key role of Treasury bills (T-bills), which often serve both debt and cash management functions, alongside that of Treasury bonds (T-bonds). […]