This course, presented by the Fiscal Affairs Department, discusses key institutions that help governments better assess and manage risks to the government budget. It provides an overview of typical fiscal risks including those created by the COVID-19 pandemic, their scale and relative importance, approaches for identifying and analyzing them, possible mitigating measures, and institutional arrangements for dealing with them. The course also discusses standards for the disclosure of fiscal risks – as prescribed in the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Code – and the lessons from the IMF’s fiscal transparency evaluations.