Submission topics for DebtCon9 may include, but are not limited to

• Sovereign debt in a high-interest rate world: refinancing risks & market access
• The rise of non-traditional and private creditors and their impact on restructuring outcomes
• Fiscal constraints and high debt levels
• Novel forms of restructuring of debt and debt forgiveness (e.g., debt for nature swaps)
• Green, social and sustainability-linked sovereign bonds: promises, pitfalls, and implications for debt sustainability
• Climate-vulnerable states, loss and damage finance, and innovative debt instruments (e.g., climate-resilient debt clauses)
• Sovereign debt, security, and war: debt distress in conflict and post-conflict settings, including reconstruction finance
• Domestic politics, political polarization and sovereign debt
• Artificial intelligence, risk models, and the governance of sovereign credit assessments

Historical Parallels in Sovereign Debt Crises: Lessons from past defaults for today’s refinancing risks and creditor fragmentation