Romania’s public debt increased by RON 117 billion (EUR 23.4 billion) during 2023, which accounts for some 7% of the country’s GDP – not far from the EUR 25.9 billion advance marked during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. However, the public debt to GDP ratio edged up by only 1.7 percentage points (pp) to 48.9%, remaining safely under the 50% threshold. [....]