The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on European economies, leading to a significant increase in public debt levels. This paper examines the challenges and policy implications of managing public debt and fostering economic growth in Europe post-Covid-19. It provides a conceptual framework by defining and measuring public debt, exploring the relationship between public debt and economic growth, and highlighting the role of public debt in times of crisis. The paper analyzes the impact of Covid-19 on public debt in Europe, including the fiscal response, debt accumulation, and reasons for increased debt levels. It further discusses the challenges posed by high public debt, such as debt sustainability, crowding out private investment, financial stability risks, and constraints on future fiscal policy […]