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Here Be Dragons: A Map of the Domestic Legal Terrain for Restructuring Venezuela's External Debt

On May 13, 2026, the Government of Venezuela announced the launch of its external debt restructuring. Several legal aspects of that process require consideration. This paper offers a general map of those aspects to help navigate the troubled waters of Venezuelan law. It does not propose a strategy for navigating that terrain, nor does it purport to resolve every legal problem it identifies. Given the complexity and unprecedented nature of Venezuela's case, this mapping is a necessary first step: it identifies the legal questions any restructuring must answer, how they relate to one another, and the order in which they must be addressed […]